CRUE: Legalisation of citizens of the European Union in Portugal
Sara Sbai Oliveira | Immigration Consultant
Portugal remains a preferred destination for many EU citizens who intend to live, work, retire, or study here. If you are a European Union citizen planning to reside in Portugal for more than three months, you must register your residence by requesting a Certificado de Registo de Cidadão da União Europeia (CRUE).
The right of EU citizens to reside in different member states is enshrined in EU law and is a fundamental right granted to all EU citizens. However, in Portugal, this right must be formalised through a specific process: obtaining the CRUE.
This article outlines the legal basis and practical steps for EU citizens to obtain the CRUE in Portugal, providing essential guidance for individuals who intend to apply and regularise their status in the country.
The legal foundation for this process lies in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and Directive 2004/38/EC, which establish the right of EU citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the EU. In Portugal, this directive is transposed into national law by Law 37/2006 of 9 August. According to Article 7 of Directive 2004/38/EC and Law 37/2006, EU citizens may reside in Portugal for more than three months if they are employed, self-sufficient with adequate income and health insurance, or enrolled in a recognised study program.
Requesting the CRUE is a mandatory procedure for EU nationals residing in Portugal for over 90 days. The certificate formally confirms their legal residence status under Portuguese law and grants them residency rights. It is important to note that the application should be submitted within 30 days after the initial 90-day period of residence.
To apply for the CRUE, individuals must submit a formal request at their local Câmara Municipal (City Hall), presenting documents that demonstrate compliance with the legal conditions established by EU and Portuguese law. If all conditions are met, the Câmara Municipal will issue the CRUE, which is valid for five years of legal residence in Portugal.
Upon expiry, the renewal of the CRUE is managed by AIMA (Agência para as Migrações, Integração e Asilo), which oversees matters related to migration, integration, and asylum.
The CRUE offers several benefits. After five years of continuous legal residence, holders may become eligible to apply for Portuguese citizenship or permanent residency, subject to additional requirements such as passing a Portuguese language test or completing a certified language course.
Regarding family members of EU citizens, Portuguese law allows dependent relatives of a resident EU citizen to apply for a Portugal Residency Card, commonly referred to as the "Article 15" card. This document entitles them to live in the country and enjoy visa-free travel throughout the EU.
Obtaining the CRUE is not merely a formality; it is a vital step in legalising residence in Portugal for EU citizens. While EU law grants the fundamental right to reside, Portugal applies specific procedural requirements that must be met through careful preparation and submission of the necessary documentation.
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