Considering Portuguese Citizenship by Naturalisation? Act While the Current Rules Apply
Luís Maria Branco | Lawyer
Portuguese citizenship offers a wide range of advantages, including the right to live and work freely in all European Union Member States, the European Economic Area (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), and Switzerland under EU free movement arrangements. It also grants visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a large number of countries worldwide, full political and civic rights in Portugal, and long-term security of status.
Applying for Portuguese Citizenship in 2026: What the Nationality Law Currently Allows
A reform of the Portuguese Nationality Law has been under political discussion and was approved by Parliament. Among other changes, it is foreseeable that the minimum legal residence period required for naturalisation may increase from the current five years to up to ten years, alongside reinforced integration requirements. Following the Portuguese Constitutional Court decision of 15 December 2025, however, key provisions of that reform were declared unconstitutional, preventing it from taking effect in its current form.
As a result, the current Nationality Law continues to apply, and naturalisation applications remain assessed under the existing rules, creating a relevant window of opportunity for eligible applicants to proceed now.
In reaching its decision, the Constitutional Court placed particular emphasis on legal certainty and the protection of legitimate expectations, criticising legislative changes capable of disrupting paths already underway under the existing legal framework.
In line with these constitutional principles, applications submitted before any future changes enter into force should be assessed under the legal regime applicable at the time of submission, and future reforms should not undermine procedures already in progress. This is a key consideration for applicants concerned that a revised reform may introduce more demanding criteria.
In practice, eligibility for naturalisation is not assessed solely by reference to the number of years of legal residence. Applicants must ensure that their file is fully aligned with the documentary and substantive requirements typically reviewed by the authorities, including proof of lawful residence, language compliance, and criminal record checks in the relevant jurisdictions.
Particular attention should be given to the
validity periods of key documents, as criminal records and certain certificates may need to be issued within specific timeframes at the moment of submission. It is also essential to ensure
consistency across the
application, supporting documents, and registry records, as discrepancies in names, dates, marital status, or filiation frequently lead to requests for clarification and additional documentation.
A further point to consider is what constitutes legal residence for naturalisation purposes. As a rule, the relevant period is calculated based on time spent holding valid residence status in Portugal, and applicants should ensure their residence history is properly documented.
Gaps in residence status, expired permits, or inconsistencies in residence records may raise issues and should be identified and addressed before submission. For applicants approaching the five-year threshold, early planning can be decisive, allowing sufficient time to obtain up-to-date certificates, legalise documents where required, and arrange certified translations, while avoiding unnecessary delays.
Nationality planning often has a family dimension. Depending on the circumstances, a successful naturalisation may open clearer pathways for minor children or for a spouse or partner and can simplify long-term mobility and settlement planning. For families considering relocation within the EU or long-term stability in Portugal, assessing the broader family strategy alongside the main applicant’s timeline can help avoid fragmented applications and missed opportunities.
Finally, this window of opportunity ahead of a potential legislative change may trigger a surge in applications. While acting promptly can be strategic, submitting an application in haste without proper legal review may lead to avoidable issues, including incomplete documentation, inconsistencies, or requests for additional information, which can ultimately delay the process.
Our team can assist by confirming eligibility, preparing a clear and tailored document checklist, reviewing and organising the application with a focus on accuracy and consistency, and submitting it efficiently once the file is complete.
We provide full assistance throughout the process, including follow-up with the authorities and ongoing case monitoring. If you would like to discuss your situation, please submit a request via our contact form.
New Portugal and the United Kingdom Double Taxation Agreement and Tax Information Exchange Agreement
